PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI FARMASI FORMULASI DENGAN METODE ANAEROB-AEROB DAN ANAEROB-KOAGULASI

Farida  Crisnaningtyas; Hanny Vistanty

doi:10.21771/jrtppi.2016.v7.no1.p13-22

Authors

Farida Crisnaningtyas Center of Industrial Pollution Prevention Technology
Hanny Vistanty Center of Industrial Pollution Prevention Technology

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21771/jrtppi.2016.v7.no1.p13-22

Keywords:

farmasi, anaerob, aerob, koagulasi flokulasi, limbah cair

Abstract

Studi ini membahas mengenai pengolahan limbah cair industri farmasi dalam skala laboratorium dengan menggunakan konsep anaerob-kimia-fisika dan anaerob-aerob. Proses anaerob dilakukan dengan menggunakan reaktor Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed reactor (UASBr) pada kisaran OLR (Organic Loading Rate) 0,5 – 2 kg COD/m³hari, yang didahului dengan proses aklimatisasi menggunakan substrat gula. Proses anaerob mampu memberikan efisiensi penurunan COD hingga 74%. Keluaran dari proses anaerob diolah lebih lanjut dengan menggunakan dua opsi proses: (1) fisika-kimia, dan (2) aerob. Koagulan alumunium sulfat dan flokulan kationik memberikan efisiensi penurunan COD tertinggi (73%) pada kecepatan putaran masing-masing 100 rpm dan 40 rpm. Uji coba aerob dilakukan pada kisaran MLSS antara 4000-5000 mg/L dan mampu memberikan efisiensi penurunan COD hingga 97%. Hasil uji coba menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi penurunan COD total yang dapat dicapai dengan menggunakan teknologi anaerob-aerob adalah 97%, sedangkan kombinasi anaerob-koagulasi-flokulasi hanya mampu menurunkan COD total sebesar 72,53%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, kombinasi proses anaerob-aerob merupakan teknologi yang potensial untuk diaplikasikan dalam sistem pengolahan limbah cair industri farmasi.

References

Aiyuk, S. et al., 2004. Removal of carbon and nutrients from domestic wastewater using a low investment , integrated treatment concept. Water Research, 38, pp.3031–3042.

APHA, (American Public Health Association), 1999. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. , 16th ed, p.Washington DC, USA.

Chelliapan, S., Wilby, T. & Sallis, P.J., 2011. Effect of hydraulic retention time on up-flow anaerobic stage reactor performance at constant loading in the presence of antibiotic Tylosin. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 28(1), pp.51–61.

Chelliapan, S., Wilby, T. & Sallis, P.J., 2006. Performance of an up-flow anaerobic stage reactor (UASR) in the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater containing macrolide antibiotics. Water Research, 40(3), pp.507–516.

Fontmorin, J.M. et al., 2013. Combined process for 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid treatment-Coupling of an electrochemical system with a biological treatment. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 70, pp.17–22. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2012.09.015.

Ghaly, A., Snow, A. & Faber, B., 2006. Treatment of grease filter washwater by chemical coagulation. Canadian Biosystems Engineering, 48, pp.13–22. Available at: http://www.engr.usask.ca/societies/csae/protectedpapers/c0520.pdf.

Hey, G., 2013. Application of chemical oxidation processes for the removal of pharmaceuticals in biologically treated wastewater, Available at: http://lup.lub.lu.se/record/3412268nhttp://lup.lub.lu.se/record/3412268/file/3412272.pdf.

Irenosen, O.G. et al., 2014. Integration of physical , chemical and biological methods for the treatment of palm oil mill effluent. Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2(2), pp.7–10.

Jiang, J.Q. & Zhou, Z., 2013. Removal of Pharmaceutical Residues by Ferrate(VI). PLoS ONE, 8(2).

Kalyuzhnyi, S. et al., 2005. Integrated biological ( anaerobic – aerobic ) and physico-chemical treatment of baker ’ s yeast wastewater. Water Science & Technology, 52(10-11), pp.19–23.

Khan, A.A., Mehrotra, I. & Kazmi, a. a., 2015. Sludge profiling at varied organic loadings and performance evaluation of UASB reactor treating sewage. Biosystems Engineering, 131, pp.32–40. Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1537511015000033.

Lu, X. et al., 2015. Operation performance and granule characterization of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating wastewater with starch as the sole carbon source. Bioresource Technology, 180, pp.264–273. Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0960852415000218.

Mansour, D. et al., 2014. Mineralization of synthetic and industrial pharmaceutical effluent containing trimethoprim by combining electro-Fenton and activated sludge treatment. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 53, pp.58–67. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2015.02.022.

Ng, K.K. et al., 2014. A novel application of anaerobic bio-entrapped membrane reactor for the treatment of chemical synthesis-based pharmaceutical wastewater. Separation and Purification Technology, 132, pp.634–643. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2014.06.021.

Oktem, Y.A. et al., 2008. Anaerobic treatment of a chemical synthesis-based pharmaceutical wastewater in a hybrid upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. Bioresource Technology, 99(5), pp.1089–1096.

Prashant, S., 2003. Treatment of sewage using UASB process. Roorke, India.

Project, S.N. et al., 1997. Profile of the Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Industry. , (September).

Schröder, H.F., 1999. Substance-specific detection and pursuit of non-eliminable compounds during biological treatment of waste water from the pharmaceutical industry. Waste Management, 19(2), pp.111–123

Shawaqfeh, A.T., 2010. Removal of Pesticides from Water Using Anaerobic-Aerobic Biological Treatment. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 18(4), pp.672–680. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1004-9541(10)60274-1.

Sklyar, V., Epov, A., Gladchenko, M., Danilovich, D., K.S., 2003. Combined biologic (anaerobic-aerobic) and chemical treatment of starch industry wastewater. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 109(1-3), pp.253–262.

Tiehm, A. & Schmidt, K.R., 2011. Sequential anaerobic/aerobic biodegradation of chloroethenes-aspects of field application. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 22(3), pp.415–421.