Jurnal Riset Teknologi Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri

Optimization of Injection Pressure and Fuel Temperature in a Diesel Engine Using Biodiesel B40

Wed, 29 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel substitute for diesel engines produced from vegetable or animal oil through the transesterification reaction process between fatty acid, methanol, and catalyst. However, in its use in diesel engines, there is a decrease in engine performance. This is partly due to the higher viscosity value compared to diesel. Some ways to improve engine performance using biodiesel include adjusting injection pressure and increasing fuel inlet temperature. This study aimed to determine the effect of adding injection pressure and fuel inlet temperature on the performance of diesel engines using B40, such as power, thermal efficiency, sfc, and AFR. This study used a 1-cylinder diesel engine with constant rotation, using five variations of injection pressure 110-150 bar with a 10 bar interval, and five variations of fuel inlet temperature 30˚C-70˚C with a 10˚C intervals, and five loads from 5,000 kg/m² to 25,000 kg/m² with a 5000 kg/m² interval. Testing and data processing were done using the Taguchi method. The results showed that the best diesel engine performance occurred at an injection pressure of 150 bar and a fuel temperature of 60˚C. The predicted performance value achieved under optimal conditions is a power of 2.9 kW at a load of 25000 kg/m², thermal efficiency of 69.92% at a load of 25000 kg/m², sfc of 3 x10^-5 kg/kJ at a load of 25000 kg/m², and AFR of 169.23 at a load of 5000 kg/m². Temperature significantly affects engine performance power, sfc, thermal efficiency, and AFR compared to injection pressure.

Ceramic Membrane Made from Clay and Kaolin with a Mixture of Coconut Shell Activated Charcoal as a Groundwater Filter

Bambang Yulianto, Kristanto Wahyudi, Elih Sudiapermana, Asep Saepudin — Thu, 30 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Groundwater if the quality is not good if consumed will have an impact on health. The causes of poor groundwater quality include the value of Fe and Mn levels that exceed the established quality standards. Many methods can be done to overcome the quality of groundwater caused by high Fe and Mn levels, one of which is to use a ceramic membrane made from clay and kaolin with a variation of the coconut shell activated charcoal mixture in the composition of the ceramic membrane by 5%. 10% and 15%. The goal is to determine the effect of ceramic membranes with continuous flow systems on reducing content in clean water. Results showed that the percentage of decrease in Fe and Mn content produced by variations in the composition of coconut shell activated charcoal of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% was, respectively for average Fe levels of 15.85%, 69.44%, 75.02%, and 80.83%, and for average Mn levels of 0.00%, 5.71%, 10.00%, and 18.67%. The best variation in the composition of coconut shell-activated charcoal in clay and kaolin-based ceramic membranes in reducing Fe and Mn content in clean water to meet the quality standards of coconut shell-activated charcoal composition by 15%. It is expected that this activity can be used as a basis for further development in groundwater treatment using ceramic membranes made from clay and kaolin with the addition of coconut shell-activated charcoal composition.

The Effect of Sediment Texture on the Composition and Abundance of Microplastics in Banjaran River, Banyumas Regency, Indonesia

Andrie Yuliana, Nur Laila Rahayu, Musyarif Zaenuri — Wed, 29 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Plastic waste is a serious environmental problem for all countries in the world, including Indonesia. Plastic waste of various sizes can have a negative impact, especially microplastics. Microplastic contamination can be found in aquatic sediments. One of the waters potentially polluted by microplastics is the Banjaran River, Banyumas Regency. This research was conducted to determine the composition and abundance of microplastics as well as the effect of sediment texture on the composition and abundance of microplastics in the sediments of Banjaran River, Banyumas Regency. The research location was determined using purposive sampling at four stations. At each station, samples were taken randomly at three different places with three repetitions. Analysis of the composition and abundance of microplastics in sediments was done in a laboratory using microscope observation. Sediment texture analysis was done using a dry sieve and pipetting method. Five types of microplastics were found in all sediment samples with a predominance of fiber (35%), followed by fragments (29%), films (19%), pellets (10%) and foam (7%). The abundance of microplastics in sediments ranged from 2.3 to 4.86 particles/50 grams of dry sediment. The sediment texture that dominated the four stations was sand, with an average fraction proportion value of 86.62%. Sediment texture had the strongest effect on the composition of fragment-type microplastic at 50.2% and had the same impact on the overall abundance at 56%, which indicated that the sediment texture had a significant effect on these two variables.

Selecting Indonesia’s Iron and Steel Industry Mitigation Pathways Based on AIM/End-use Assessment

Wed, 29 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The measurement of mitigation pathways is important for Indonesia’s iron and steel industry in terms of reducing GHG emissions. This study conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis to assess the economic impacts with associated emission reduction potential of different mitigation strategies by developing an Abatement Cost Curve (ACC) that selects the mitigation option based on the logic of the AIM/End-use model up to 2050. The model was established through the baseline scenario, and the following appropriate mitigation options: adjusting the production structure (CM1), increasing energy efficiency by promoting low carbon technology and non-blast furnace technology that is un-implemented early in modeling years in Indonesia will be included for future reference (CM2), and switching from fossil fuels to low emission fuels (CM3). Results show that the selected technology roadmap from the abatement cost curve below carbon tax 110 US$/tCO2e in 2050 could lead to the most optimal emission reduction of 19.8 MtCO2e, 50.2 MtCO2e, 54.84 MtCO2e with investment costs 93.55 million US$, 1086 million US$, and 1183 million US$ in the scenarios CM1, CM2, and CM3, respectively. The effectiveness of each mitigation action reveals that energy savings and emission reduction from energy will rely mostly on promoting low-carbon technologies. The most effective strategy to reduce emissions from IPPU is to adjust the production structure.

Environmentally Friendly Natural Coagulants in the Coagulation Process in the Rubber Industry

Wed, 29 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research evaluates the use of natural coagulants, such as soursop and Aegle marmelos (Maja), in the latex coagulation process of the GT 1 clone type, compared with chemical coagulants such as formic acid and acetic acid, to gain an understanding of the characteristics of the rubber produced. Three types of crumb rubber (SIR 3 CV, SIR 3L, and SIR 3 WF) are produced from latex, while SIR 5, SIR 10, and SIR 20 are produced from treated latex coagulum. Rubber quality criteria are explained in the Indonesian Rubber Standard (SIR 3L/3WF) SNI 06-1903-2011. The use of natural coagulants, especially soursop, and Maja, in the coagulation of GT 1 clone latex shows an influence on coagulation time, Dry Rubber Content (DRC), initial plasticity (Po), Plasticity Retention Index (PRI), ash content, dirt content, and substance content evaporate. The results showed that natural coagulants had slower coagulation times, higher DRC values (especially in maja), and better PRI values compared to chemical coagulants. Despite having higher ash content, dirt content, and volatile matter content, all types of coagulants meet rubber quality standards. This research provides in-depth insight into the potential and advantages of natural coagulants, especially soursop, and maja, in the environmentally friendly rubber industry. In addition, analysis of rubber characteristics, such as plasticity, resistance to heating, and content of certain components, provides a comprehensive understanding of the impact of the use of natural coagulants on rubber quality.

Synthesizing and Performance Testing of Zn Promoted Ni Catalyst With γ-Al2O3 Support in The Process of Hydrotreating Used Cooking Oil into Green Diesel

Wed, 29 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Green diesel was a mixture of straight-chain and branched-chain alkanes, typically mostly 15 to 18 carbon atoms per molecule (C15 to C18) extracted from the hydrotreating process of vegetable oils. In this study, a catalyst of Nickel (Ni) promoted Zinc (Zn) supported by Alumina (Al₂O₃) was used. The catalyst was made by varying the use of and without the Zn promoter in the catalyst. Catalyst tested for Scanning Electron Microscope characterization. For the 60Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst, the total area was 51,575.51 m2/gr, while for the 15Ni-45Zn/Al₂O₃ catalyst, the total area was 20.577,55 m2/gr. Furthermore, a performance test of the catalyst was also carried out using a green diesel reactor with a temperature of 400°C and a pressure of 20 bar, the percentage yield on the 60Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst was 25.73% while the 30Ni-30Zn/Al₂O₃ catalyst was 23.60%. The 60Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst has the following properties: physical properties such as density, viscosity, flash point, cetane number, and acid number of 765.17 ± 0.249 kg/m³, 3.55 ± 0.076 mm²/s, 60.73 ± 0.170°C, 88.10 ± 0.648 CN, and 0.33 ± 0.76 mgKOH/g, respectively. The 15Ni-45Zn/Al₂O₃ catalyst has the following properties: physical properties such as density of 766.77 ± 0.679 kg/m³, viscosity of 66.13 ± 0.249 mm²/s, flash point of 2.92 ± 0.011°C, cetane number of 82.33 ± 0.386, and acid number of 82.33 ± 0.386 mgKOH/g.