Jurnal Riset Teknologi Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri

Identifying Concentration of Carbon Dioxide at Heights of 1.5 M and 15 M in Six Locations in Urban Areas

2022-05-13T11:48:20+07:00

Several activities in urban areas emit CO₂ gas and the amount of the emission is closely related to land use. This will, in turn, increase global warming phenomena in urban areas. So far, the estimation of pollutant concentrations in the ambient air has been carried out at the height of human breath, and very rarely the concentration values at low-level altitudes have been studied in Indonesia. This study tries to analyze the CO₂ concentration based on different altitudes and different locations.

Measurements of this study were carried out in industrial, residential, commercial, and highway areas using drones at two altitudes of 1.5 m and 15 m. The use of altitude variations to know the homogeneity of CO₂ spatial distribution at different heights. The results of the study showed CO₂ concentrations on weekday mornings and afternoons, and weekend mornings in the sampling areas at 1.5 m and 15 m in the range of 393 – 462 ppm and 391 – 460 ppm, respectively. The statistical test showed that there is no significant CO₂ concentration difference between altitudes of 1.5 m and 15 m, with only a 0.17% difference value on average. The Tugu Industrial Estate area has the highest concentration of CO₂, while the area on Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan has the lowest concentration.

Evaluation of the Implementation Integrated Biological System Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant: Pollutant Removal, Operational Maintenance, Estimation of Carbon Emission

2022-09-07T12:58:38+07:00

The development of WWTP in business activities needs to pay attention to getting appropriate WWTP that is more valuable to support sustainable development. This study aims to evaluate two systems of integrated biological WWTP; anaerobic-wetland, and anaerobic-aerobic-wetland, including the effectiveness of pollutant removal, operational and maintenance, and estimation of carbon emissions. The performance of pollutant removal was evaluated by analyzing inlet and outlet samples of WWTP. An operational and maintenance evaluation was carried out by studying the WWTP operating system and maintenance procedures supported by a literature review. Carbon emission estimation was carried out using a formula referring to the IPCC Guidelines (2006). Organic matter removal of anaerobic-aerobic-wetland WWTP in the form of BOD₅ and COD are 92.12% and 91.72%, respectively, higher than anaerobic-wetland WWTP are 88.69% of BOD₅ and 77.62% of COD. Anaerobic-aerobic-wetland WWTP needs more maintenance and operation than anaerobic-wetland WWTP. The highest carbon emission of both WWTP is 41530.91 kgCO₂ eq/year of anaerobic-wetland WWTP from the organic matter removal process and 46485.15 kgCO₂ eq/year of anaerobic-aerobic-wetland WWTP. Electrical energy consumption emits in anaerobic-aerobic-wetland WWTP is 22338 kgCO₂ eq/year higher than anaerobic-wetland WWTP at 4299.70 kgCO₂ eq/year. Total carbon emissions of anaerobic-wetland WWTP is 47404.58 kgCO₂ eq/year and anaerobic-aerobic-wetland WWTP is 68900.23 kgCO₂ eq/year.

The Effect of Bentonite and Palm Shell Ash on The Mechanical and Physical Properties of Geopolymer Concrete

2022-06-13T08:56:31+07:00

Geopolymer concrete is an alternative to obtaining environmentally friendly mortar by synthesizing materials that contain a lot of aluminum silicate. This study aims to determine the effect of bentonite and palm shell ash composition on geopolymers' physical and mechanical characteristics. All materials are mashed, mixed, and molded with a 5x5x5 cm³ cube. Ten specimens were prepared with bentonite - palm shell ash compositions are 40/45, 45/40, 50/35, 55/30, and 60/25 wt%. Meanwhile, the composition of NaOH, Na₂SiO₃, superplasticizer and water remained at 1.3, 7.7, 2, and 5 wt%, respectively. Then the samples were dried at room temperature for 24 hrs and heated at 60 °C or 80 °C for 12 hrs. The geopolymer concrete with the best characteristics was obtained with a composition of 40 wt% bentonites and 45 wt% palm shell ash by heating at 80 °C. This specimen has a compressive strength of 11.94 MPa with a density of 2.42 g/cm³, porosity of 8.43%, and absorption of 3.48%. The results have a chemical composition of 55.59% SiO₂, 9.45% Al₂O₃, and 8.22 Fe₂O₃ with a dominant quartz phase. Scanning electron microscope photo shows good bonding between particles, and there are no pores formed.

The Kinetic Analysis and Adsorption Isotherm of Chicken Egg Shells and Membranes Against Synthetic Dyes

2022-09-26T09:38:02+07:00

Textile industry waste at this time is enough to worry the community and the environment. The presence of synthetic dyes in water is hazardous, even in small concentrations. These synthetic dyes are derivatives of aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene, and naphthalene, which are more resistant and stable than natural dyes. The adsorption method is used because it is easier to do, has no side effects, and does not require complicated and expensive equipment. In this study, the shells and membranes of discarded chicken eggs became useful as an absorbent of indigo carmine dye with an adsorption capacity of 6.399 mg/g. The adsorption reaction kinetics were analyzed from the optimal contact time data, and the reaction isotherm was analyzed from the adsorption optimal concentration data. The kinetic model that fits the research is the second pseudo-order with R² = 0.9998. The adsorption mechanism demonstrates that the adsorption capacity is proportional to the adsorbent's active sites. The adsorption isotherm model, with R² = 0.9748, is more closely related to the Freundlich isotherm model, indicating that adsorption occurs in several layers. From an economic point of view, chicken egg shells and membranes can be recommended as dye absorbers that are eco-friendly, efficient, and simple to obtain while lowering organic solid waste.

Analysis of Potential Utilization of Sarulla Geothermal Combined Cycle Residual Fluids for Direct Use in The Coffee Industry

2022-09-03T08:16:38+07:00

The Geothermal Power Plant is one of the new renewable energy power plants. In Indonesia, the realization has reached 2%. Sarulla Operations Limited is the first geothermal power plant in Indonesia, located in North Tapanuli Regency, that utilizes combined cycle technology. Coffee is the leading commodity in the North Tapanuli district, with a plant area of 17,586 hectares. Coffee is dried in the traditional way (open field drying) so that it is still constrained by rain and cloudiness and can only be done during the day. The reinjection well fluid has a temperature of 103^°C with a flow rate of 4978 t/h and a pressure of 6–14 Bar. This study analyses the residual fluid energy for coffee drying purposes. Energy and exergy calculations are done manually and using DWSIM software with a total of 24 data points 24 hours a day to represent the availability of dryers both day and night. The results showed that the most energy needed to raise the drying air temperature at night from 15°C to 60°C was 125.62 kW, while the lowest energy needed to raise the drying air temperature during the day from 30°C to 40°C was 27.92 kW. The results of research calculations show the energy potential for residual fluid from geothermal plants to be used for drying coffee for 24 hours, both day and night.